History Of Europe: 1649-1789

Volume two of the book deals with the transitory period in which monarchy lost its supremacy. Glorious or Bloodless Revolution of England of 1688 established parliamentary supremacy. War of Independence of U.S.A. established democracy in America, placing emphasis on human rights, liberty and pursuit of happiness. French Revolution of 1789 was based on slogans of equality, liberty and fraternity. It gave death blow to monarchical Governments and to feudalism all over the world. It replaced the theory of divine right of kings and established democratic rule. Democracy has been defined as “Government of the people, by the people and for the people.” In practice, this democratic ideal is difficult to be realised but it has now become the basis of all Governments all over the world. Tremendous progress was made in production due to Industrial Revolution. Ideal of equality and liberty brought emancipation of women and their participation in all walks of life.